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  • Butterflies
    • Butterfly Systematic List
    • Butterfly Thumbnails
    • 56. PAPILIONIDAE >
      • Parnasiinae >
        • 001.Apollo/Crimson-ringed
      • Papilioninae >
        • 002.Scarce Swallowtail
        • 003.Swallowtail
    • 57. HESPERIIDAE >
      • Pyrginae >
        • 001.Dingy Skipper
        • 0011.Mallow Skipper
        • 002.Grizzled Skipper
        • 6883.False Mallow Skipper
        • 6895.Sage Skipper
        • 6899.Safflower Skipper
      • Heteropterinae >
        • 004.Chequered Skipper
      • Hesperiinae >
        • 005.Essex Skipper
        • 006.Small Skipper
        • 007.Lulworth Skipper
        • 008.Silver-spotted Skipper
        • 009.Large Skipper
        • 6932.Pigmy Skipper
        • 6933.Mediterranean Skipper
    • 58. PIERIDAE >
      • Dismorphiinae >
        • 001.Wood White
      • Pierinae >
        • 003.Orange-tip
        • 005.Black-veined White
        • 006.Large White
        • 007.Small White
        • 008.Green-veined White
        • 009.Bath White
        • 7005.Eastern Bath White
      • Coliadinae >
        • 7014.Eastern Clouded Yellow
        • 010.Clouded Yellow
        • 012.Berger's Clouded Yellow
        • 013.Brimstone
        • 014.Cleopatra
    • 59. NYMPHALIDAE >
      • Danainae >
        • 001.Monarch
      • Satyrinae >
        • 002.Wall
        • 003.Speckled Wood
        • 005.Small Heath
        • 007.Mountain Ringlet
        • 008.Scotch Argus
        • 009.Ringlet
        • 010.Meadow Brown
        • 011.Gatekeeper
        • 012.Marbled White
        • 013.Grayling
        • 7447.Great Banded Grayling
      • Heliconiinae >
        • 014.Pearl-bordered Fritillary
        • 015.Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary
        • 017.Silver-washed Fritillary
        • 019.Dark Green Fritillary
        • 020.High Brown Fritillary
      • Limenitidinae >
        • 021.White Admiral
      • Apaturinae >
        • 022.Purple Emperor
      • Nymphalinae >
        • 023.Red Admiral
        • 024.Painted Lady
        • 026.Peacock
        • 027.Small Tortoiseshell
        • 028.Camberwell Beauty
        • 029.Large Tortoiseshell
        • 031.Comma
        • 033.Marsh Fritillary
        • 034.Glanville Fritillary
        • 035.Spotted Fritillary
        • 036.Heath Fritillary
        • 7271.Knapweed Fritillary
    • 60. RIODINIDAE >
      • Riodininae >
        • 001.Duke of Burgundy
    • 61. LYCAENIDAE >
      • Lycaeninae >
        • 001.Small Copper
        • 7043.Lesser Fiery Copper
        • 0023 Purple-shot Copper
      • Theclinae >
        • 003.Brown Hairstreak
        • 004.Purple Hairstreak
        • 005.Green Hairstreak
        • 006.White-letter Hairstreak
        • 007.Black Hairstreak
      • Polyommatinae >
        • 008.Long-tailed Blue
        • 0081.Geranium Bronze
        • 009.Lang's Short-tailed Blue
        • 7120.Grass Jewel
        • 7085.African Grass Blue
        • 010.Small Blue
        • 012.Holly Blue
        • 013.Large Blue
        • 014.Silver-studded Blue
        • 015.Brown Argus
        • 016.Northern Brown Argus
        • 7144.Southern Brown Argus
        • 018.Common Blue
        • 019.Adonis Blue
        • 020.Chalk Hill Blue
  • Moths 1
    • Moth Systematic List
    • Moth Thumbnails >
      • Moths 1
      • Moths 2
    • 1.MICROPTERIGIDAE >
      • 003.Micropterix aureatella
      • 004.Micropterix aruncella
      • 005.Micropterix calthella
    • 2. ERIOCRANIIDAE >
      • 001.Dyseriocrania subpurpurella
    • 3. HEPIALIDAE >
      • 001.Orange Swift
      • 002.Common Swift
      • 003.Map-winged Swift
      • 004.Gold Swift
      • 005.Ghost Moth
    • 4. NEPTICULIDAE >
      • Nepticulinae >
        • 091. Ectoedemia heringi
    • 7. ADELIDAE >
      • Adelinae >
        • 001.Nemophora degeerella
        • 004.Nemophora fasciella
        • 005.Nemophora minimella
        • 006.Adela reaumurella
        • 007.Adela cuprella
        • 008.Adela croesella
        • 009.Cauchas fibulella
        • 010.Cauchas rufimitrella
      • Nematopogoninae >
        • 015.Nematopogon swammerdamella
    • 8. INCURVARIIDAE >
      • Incurvariinae >
        • 001.Incurvaria pectinea
    • 10. TISCHERIIDAE >
      • 002.Tischeria dodonaea
    • 11. PSYCHIDAE >
      • Naryciinae >
        • 002.Narycia duplicella
      • Taleporiinae >
        • 006.Taleporia tubulosa
      • Oiketicinae >
        • 017.Pachythelia villosella
    • 12. TINEIDAE >
      • Nemapogoninae >
        • 011.Triaxomera fulvimitrella
        • 016.Cork Moth
        • 021.Nemapogon clematella
      • Tineinae >
        • 025.Tapestry Moth
        • 027. Case-bearing Clothes Moth
        • 032.Tinea semifulvella
        • 033.Tinea trinotella
        • 037.Monopis weaverella
        • 039.Monopis crocicapitella
    • 13.ROESLERSTMIIDAE >
      • 002.Roeslerstammia erxlebella
    • 15. GRACILLARIIDAE >
      • Gracillariinae >
        • 001.Parectopa ononidis
        • 009.Caloptilia robustella
        • 012.Caloptilia semifascia
        • 014.Gracillaria syringella
        • 015.Aspilapteryx tringipennella
        • 0201.Dialectica scalariella
      • Lithocolletinae >
        • 034.Phyllonorycter harrisella
        • 039.Phyllonorycter quercifoliella
        • 083.Phyllonorycter trifasciella
    • 16. YPONOMEUTIDAE >
      • Yponomeutinae >
        • 001.Bird-cherry Ermine
        • 002.Orchard Ermine
        • 004.Spindle Ermine
        • 007.Yponomeuta plumbella
        • 010.Zelleria hepariella
        • 011.Zelleria oleastrella
    • 17. YPSOLOPHIDAE >
      • Ypsolophinae >
        • 001.Ypsolopha mucronella
        • 002.Ypsolopha nemorella
        • 003.Honeysuckle Moth
        • 005.Ypsolopha scabrella
        • 010.Ypsolopha parenthesella
        • 011.Ypsolopha ustella
        • 12.Ypsolopha sequella
    • 18. PLUTELLIDAE >
      • 001.Diamond-back Moth
      • 003.Plutella porrectella
    • 19. GLYPHIPTERIGIDAE >
      • Glyphipteriginae >
        • 003.Glyphipterix fuscoviridella
        • 007.Cocksfoot Moth
      • Acrolepiinae >
        • 013.Acrolepiopsis marcidella
        • 014.Acrolepia autumnitella
    • 20. ARGYRESTHIIDAE >
      • 005.Argyresthia trifasciata
      • 008.Argyresthia abdominalis
      • 012.Argyresthia goedartella
      • 015.Argyresthia curvella
      • 021. Cherry Fruit Moth
      • 022.Argyresthia bonnetella
    • 21. LYONETIIDAE >
      • Cemiostominae >
        • 006.Leucoptera lathyrifoliella
    • 22. PRAYDIDAE >
      • 002.Ash Bud Moth
    • 27. AUTOSTICHIDAE >
      • Symmocinae >
        • 001.Oegoconia quadripuncta
    • 28. OECOPHORIDAE >
      • Oecophorinae >
        • 008.Metalampra italica
        • 009.White-shouldered House-moth
        • 010.Brown House-moth
        • 014.Crassa unitella
        • 015.Batia lunaris
        • 019.Esperia sulphurella
        • 022.Alabonia geoffrella
        • 024.Tachystola acroxantha
        • 025.Pleurota bicostella
    • 29. CHIMABACHIDAE >
      • 001.Diurnea fagella
    • 31.PELEOPODIDAE >
      • 001.Carcina quercana
    • 32. DEPRESSARIIDAE >
      • Depressariinae >
        • 008.Agonopterix liturosa
        • 011.Agonopterix scopariella
        • 015.Agonopterix subpropinquella
        • 017.Agonopterix arenella
        • 018.Agonopterix heracliana
        • 026.Agonopterix kaekeritziana
        • 029.Agonopterix umbellana
        • 031. Agonopterix alstromeriana
        • 035.Agonopterix yeatiana
        • 036.Parsnip Moth
        • 039 - Depressaria daucella
        • 042.Depressaria pulcherrimella
        • 044.Depressaria douglasella
        • 050.Telechrysis tripuncta
    • 33. ETHMIIDAE >
      • Ethmiinae >
        • 001.Ethmia dodecea
        • 006.Ethmia bipunctella
    • 34.COSMOPTERIGIDAE >
      • Cosmopteriginae >
        • 004.Limnaecia phragmitella
        • 008.Cosmopterix scribaiella
        • 009.Cosmopterix pulchrimella
        • 010.Cosmopterix lienigiella
        • 011.Pyroderces argyrogrammos
    • 35. GELECHIIDAE >
      • Anacampsinae >
        • 002.Syncopacma cinctella
        • 004.Syncopacma taeniolella
        • 009.Syncopacma polychromella
        • 010.Aproaerema anthyllidella
        • 018.Hypatima rhomboidella
      • Dichomeridinae >
        • 022.Juniper Webber
        • 025.Dichomeris alacella
        • 028.Brachmia blandella
      • Anomologinae >
        • 040.Bryotropha terrella
        • 047.Bryotropha affinis
        • 050.Aristotelia ericinella
        • 055.Metzneria aestivella
        • 058.Metzneria metzneriella
        • 059.Metzneria aprilella
        • 060.Apodia bifractella
        • 061.Ptocheuusa paupella
        • 081.Eulamprotes atrella
      • Gelechiinae >
        • 123.Scrobipalpa costella
        • 143.Teleiodes luculella
        • 146.Teleiopsis diffinis
        • 149.Carpatolechia alburnella
        • 151.Carpatolechia proximella
        • 161.Parachronistis albiceps
    • 37. COLEOPHORIDAE >
      • 033.Coleophora trifolii
      • 050.Coleophora albidella
      • 051.Coleophora kuehnella
      • 059.Coleophora vibicella
      • 108.Coleophora salicorniae
    • 38. ELACHISTIDAE >
      • 004.Elachista argentella
    • 39.PARAMETRIOTIDAE >
      • 001.Blastodacna hellerella
      • 003.Spuleria flavicaput
    • 40.MOMPHIDAE >
      • 002.Mompha ochraceella
      • 003.Mompha lacteella
      • 004.Mompha propinquella
      • 011.Mompha langiella
    • 41. BLASTOBASIDAE >
      • 002.Blastobasis adustella
      • 003.Blastobasis lacticolella
      • 005.Blastobasis rebeli
    • 43.SCYTHRIDIDAE >
      • .009.Scythris empetrella
    • 44. ALUCITIDAE >
      • 001.Twenty-plume Moth
    • 45. PTEROPHORIDAE >
      • Pterophorinae >
        • 008.Yarrow Plume
        • 010.Beautiful Plume
        • 011.Brindled Plume
        • 012.Brown Plume
        • 023.Crescent Plume
        • 028.Wood Sage Plume
        • 029.Sundew Plume
        • 030.White Plume
        • 031.Spotted White Plume
        • 033.Thyme Plume
        • 034.Dingy White Plume
        • 035.Horehound Plume
        • 044.Common Plume
    • 48. CHOREUTIDAE >
      • Choreutinae >
        • 001.Nettle-tap
        • 003.Prochoreutis sehestediana
        • 007.Apple Leaf Skeletonizer
    • 49. TORTRICIDAE >
      • Chlidanotinae >
        • 001.Olindia schumacherana
        • 002.Isotrias rectifasciana
      • Tortricinae >
        • 003.Sparganothis pilleriana
        • 004.Red-barred Tortrix
        • 005.Epagoge grotiana
        • 011.Archips oporana
        • 013.Large Fruit-tree Tortrix
        • 015.Variegated Golden Tortrix
        • 020.Argyrotaenia ljungiana
        • 021.Ptycholomoides aeriferanus
        • 022.Ptycholoma lecheana
        • 023.Pandemis cinnamomeana
        • 024.Chequered Fruit-tree Tortrix
        • 025.Barred Fruit-tree Tortrix
        • 026.Dark Fruit-tree Tortrix
        • 028.Syndemis musculana
        • 029.Lozotaenia forsterana
        • 030.Carnation Tortrix
        • 031.Timothy Tortrix
        • 039.Light Brown Apple Moth
        • 040.Lozotaeniodes formosanus
        • 044.Tortricodes alternella
        • 057.Cnephasia longana
        • 058.Spatalistis bifasciana
        • 059.Green Oak Tortrix
        • 060.Aleimma loeflingiana
        • 061.Acleris holmiana
        • 062.Acleris forsskaleana
        • 066.Acleris laterana
        • 069.Acleris sparsana
        • 070.Acleris rhombana
        • 071.Acleris emargana
        • 077.Garden Rose Tortrix
        • 078.Acleris aspersana
        • 080.Acleris hastiana
        • 085.Acleris-kochiella
        • 087.Acleris literana
        • 090.Eulia ministrana
        • 091.Pseudargyrotoza conwagana
        • 092.Phtheochroa inopiana
        • 095.Phtheochroa rugosana
        • 097.Cochylimorpha straminea
        • 101.Phalonidia manniana
        • 104.Gynnidomorpha luridana
        • 109.Agapeta hamana
        • 110.Agapeta zoegana
        • 111.Eupoecilia angustana
        • 121.Aethes tesserana
        • 122.Aethes dilucidana
        • 127.Aethes cnicana
        • 128.Aethes rubigana
        • 136.Cochylis hybridella
        • 139.Cochylis atricapitana
        • 142.Falseuncaria ruficiliana
      • Olethreutinae >
        • 144.Eudemis profundana
        • 150.Apotomis betuletana
        • 154.Orthotaenia undulana
        • 155.Hedya salicella
        • 156.Marbled Orchard Tortrix
        • 161.Celypha striana
        • 164.Celypha cespitana
        • 166.Celypha lacunana
        • 167.Celypha rivulana
        • 179.Olethreutes arcuell
        • 182.European Vine Moth
        • 185.Lobesia littoralis
        • 188.Endothenia marginana
        • 194.Bactra lancealana
        • 200.Cherry-bark Tortrix
        • 210.Ancylis unculana
        • 214.Ancylis badiana
        • 215.Ancylis achatana
        • 216.Ancylis mitterbacheriana
        • 224.Bud Moth
        • 225.Spilonota laricana
        • 233.Epinotia solandriana
        • 237.Epinotia signatana
        • 240.Epinotia immundana
        • 248.Nut Bud Moth
        • 249.Epinotia ramella
        • 254.Epinotia bilunana
        • 256.Epinotia cinereana
        • 260.Zeiraphera isertana
        • 264.Eucosma obumbratana
        • 265.Eucosma cana
        • 266.Eucosma hohenwartiana
        • 267.Eucosma fulvana
        • 269.Eucosma campoliliana
      • Olethreutinae 2 >
        • 279.Gypsonoma dealbana
        • 280.Gypsonoma oppressana
        • 286.Epiblema cirsiana
        • 288.Epiblema foenella
        • 292.Notocelia cynosbatella
        • 294.Bramble Shoot Moth
        • 297.Notocelia rosaecolana
        • 300.Pine Bud Moth
        • 304.Pine Leaf-mining Moth
        • 306.Rhyacionia pinicolana
        • 307.Spotted Shoot Moth
        • 313.Dichrorampha acuminatana
        • 320.Dichrorampha alpinana
        • 321.Dichrorampha petiverella
        • 325.Cydia ulicetana
        • 330.Cydia conicolana
        • 335.Spruce Seed Moth
        • 338.Codling Moth
        • 341.Cydia splendana
        • 343.Cydia amplana
        • 345.Lathronympha strigana
        • 353.Grapholita gemmiferana
        • 354.Grapholita jungiella
        • 356.Grapholita lobarzewskii
        • 367.Pammene fasciana
        • 375.Pammene regiana
        • 377.Pammene germmana
    • 50. COSSIDAE >
      • Cossinae >
        • 001.Goat Moth
      • Zeuzerinae >
        • 002.Leopard Moth
        • 003.Reed Leopard
    • 52. SESIIDAE >
      • Sesiinae >
        • 002.Hornet Moth
        • 004.Dusky Clearwing
        • 006.White-barred Clearwing
        • 007.Large Red-belted Clearwing
        • 008.Red-tipped Clearwing
        • 010.Orange-tailed Clearwing
        • 011.Red-belted Clearwing
        • 012.Yellow-legged Clearwing
        • 013.Currant Clearwing
        • 014.Six-belted Clearwing
        • 015.Fiery Clearwing
        • 016.Thrift Clearwing
    • 53. LYMACODIDAE >
      • 001.The Festoon
    • 54. ZYGAENIDAE >
      • Procridinae >
        • 002.The Forester
        • 003.Cistus Forester
      • Zygaeninae >
        • 004. Transparent Burnet
        • 005. Slender Scotch Burnet
        • 008.Six-spot Burnet
        • 009.Narrow-bordered Five-spot Burnet
        • 010. Five-spot Burnet
    • 62. PYRALIDAE >
      • Galleriinae >
        • 001.Bee Moth
      • Phycitinae >
        • 015. Deplanqueia dilutella
        • 020.Etiella zinckenella
        • 023.Pempelia palumbella
        • 024.Rhodophaea formosa
        • 028.Dioryctria abietella
        • 029.Phycita roborella
        • 035.Acrobasis advenella
        • 036.Acrobasis suavella
        • 037.Acrobasis marmorea
        • 042.Thistle Ermine
        • 047.Assara terebrella
        • 048.Euzophera pinguis
        • 052.Ancylosis cinnamomella
        • 054.Homoeosoma sinuella
        • 058.Phycitodes binaevella
        • 065.Ephestia unicolorella
      • Pyralinae >
        • 074.Large Tabby
        • 075.Gold Triangle
        • 076.Hypsopygia glaucinalis
        • 077.Endotricha flammealis
    • 63.CRAMBIDAE >
      • Pyraustinae >
        • 003.Pyrausta cingulata
        • 004.Pyrausta sanguinalis
        • 005.Pyrausta despicata
        • 006.Pyrausta aurata
        • 007.Pyrausta purpuralis
        • 008.Pyrausta ostrinalis
        • 009.Pyrausta nigrata
        • 011.Uresiphita gilvata
        • 013.Nascia cilialis
        • 016.Anania fuscalis
        • 017.Anania lancealis
        • 018.Anania coronata
        • 020.Anania perlucidalis
        • 024.Anania funebris
        • 025.Small Magpie
        • 026.Sclerocona acutellus
        • 028.European Corn-borer
      • Spilomelinae >
        • 031.Rusty Dot Pearl
        • 033.Udea lutealis
        • 034.Udea prunalis
        • 037.Udea olivalis
        • 038.Mother of Pearl
        • 039.Mecyna flavalis
        • 040.Mecyna asinalis
        • 041.Agrotera nemoralis
        • 046.Duponchelia fovealis
        • 047.Spoladea recurvalis
        • 048.Palpita vitrealis
        • 050. Dolicharthria punctalis
        • 051.Antigastra catalaunalis
        • 052.Rush Veneer
        • 0524.Sceliodes laisalis
        • 054.Cydalima perspectalis
      • Odontiinae >
        • 056.Cynaeda dentalis
      • Glaphyriinae >
        • 057.Garden Pebble
        • 058.Evergestis extimalis
        • 059.Evergestis limbata
        • 061.Old World Webworm
      • Scopariinae >
        • 063.Scoparia basistrigalis
        • 064.Scoparia ambigualis
        • 066.Scoparia pyralella
        • 067.Eudonia lacustrata
        • 069.Eudonia angustea
        • 072.Eudonia delunella
        • 073.Eudonia truncicolella
        • 074.Eudonia Murcurella
        • 075.Eudonia pallida
      • Crambinae >
        • 076.Euchromius ocellea
        • 080.Chrysoteuchia culmella
        • 081.Crambus pascuella
        • 082.Crambus silvella
        • 086.Crambus lathoniellus
        • 088.Crambus perlella
        • 089.Agriphila tristella
        • 090.Agriphila inquinatella
        • 092.Agriphila selasella
        • 093.Agriphila straminella
        • 095.Agriphila geniculea
        • 099.Catoptria pinella
        • 102.Catoptria falsella
        • 103.Catoptria verellus
        • 106.Chrysocrambus craterella
        • 107. Thisanotia chrysonuchella
        • 112.Platytes alpinella
        • 113.Ancylolomia tentaculella
      • Acentropinae >
        • 114.Brown China-mark
        • 115.Water Veneer
        • 116.Small China-mark
        • 117.Ringed China-mark
      • Musotiminae >
        • 119.Musotima nitidalis
  • Moths 2
    • 65. DREPANIDAE >
      • Drepaninae >
        • 001.Scalloped Hook-tip
        • 002.Oak Hook-tip
        • 005.Pebble Hook-tip
        • 006.Scarce Hook-tip
        • 007.Chinese Character
      • Thyatirinae >
        • 008.Peach Blossom
        • 009.Buff Arches
        • 010.Figure of Eighty
        • 012.Satin Lutestring
        • 013.Common Lutestring
        • 014.Oak Lutestring
        • 015.Frosted Green
        • 016.Yellow Horned
    • 66. LASIOCAMPIDAE >
      • Poecilocampinae >
        • 001.December Moth
        • 002.Pale Eggar
      • Malacosomatinae >
        • 003.Lackey
        • 004.Ground Lackey
      • Lasiocampinae >
        • 005.Small Eggar
        • 006.Grass Eggar
        • 007.Oak Eggar
        • 008.Fox Moth
      • Pinarinae >
        • 009.Pine-tree Lappet
        • 010.The Drinker
        • 012.Lappet
        • 6758.The Blueberry Lappet
    • 68.SATURNIIDAE >
      • Saturniinae >
        • 001.Emperor Moth
        • 0011.Great Peacock Moth
    • 69.SPHINGIDAE >
      • Smerinthinae >
        • 001.Lime Hawkmoth
        • 002.Eyed Hawk-moth
        • 003.Poplar Hawk-moth
      • Sphinginae >
        • 004.Convolvulus Hawk-moth
        • 005.Death's-head Hawk-moth
        • 006.Privet Hawk-moth
        • 007.Pine Hawk-moth
      • Macroglossinae >
        • 008.Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk-moth
        • 009.Broad-bordered Bee Hawk-moth
        • 010.Hummingbird Hawk-moth
        • 013.Spurge Hawk-moth
        • 014.Bedstraw Hawk-moth
        • 015.Striped Hawk-moth
        • 016.Elephant Hawk-moth
        • 017.Small Elephant Hawk-moth
        • 018.Silver-striped Hawk-moth
    • 70.GEOMETRIDAE >
      • Sterrhinae >
        • 003.Bright Wave
        • 004.Least Carpet
        • 006.Dwarf Cream Wave
        • 008.Small Dusty Wave
        • 009.Satin Wave
        • 010.Dotted Border Wave
        • 011.Single-dotted Wave
        • 012.Treble Brown Spot
        • 013.Small Fan-footed Wave
        • 015.Small Scallop
        • 016.Riband Wave
        • 017.Portland Ribbon Wave
        • 018.Plain Wave
        • 019.Lewes Wave
        • 0201.Streaked Wave
        • 021.Lace Border
        • 023.Mullein Wave
        • 024.Small Blood-vein
        • 025.Lesser Cream Wave
        • 027.Cream Wave
        • 028.Rosy Wave
        • 029.Blood-vein
        • 031.Mocha
        • 032.Birch Mocha
        • 033.Blair's Mocha
        • 035.False Mocha
        • 036.Maiden's Blush
        • 037.Clay Triple-lines
        • 038.Vestal
      • Larentiinae >
        • 039.Oblique Striped
        • 041.July Belle
        • 042.Spanish Carpet
        • 043.Chalk Carpet
        • 045.Shaded Broad-bar
        • 047.The Gem
        • 049.Garden Carpet
        • 050.Balsam Carpet
        • 051.Red Twin-spot Carpet
        • 052.Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet
        • 053.Flame Carpet
        • 054.Silver-ground Carpet
        • 055.Large Twin-spot Carpet
        • 057.Ruddy Carpet
        • 059.Yellow Shell
        • 061.Common Carpet
        • 064.Cloaked Carpet
        • 065.Sharp-angled Carpet
        • 066.Shoulder Stripe
        • 067.Streamer
        • 069.Dark Spinach
        • 070.Mallow
        • 074.July Highflyer
        • 075.May Highflyer
        • 077.Pine Carpet
        • 079.Spruce Carpet
        • 081.Grey Pine Carpet
        • 083.Cypress Carpet
        • 084.Blue-bordered Carpet
        • 085.Barred Yellow
        • 086.Broken-barred Carpet
        • 087.Purple Bar
        • 089.Phoenix
        • 090.Chevron
        • 093.Barred Straw
        • 094.Small Phoenix
        • 095.Red-green Carpet
        • 097.Common Marbled Carpet
        • 100.Green Carpet
        • 103.Water Carpet
      • Larentiinae Cont:- >
        • 106.Winter Moth
        • 107.November Moth
        • 109.Autumnal Moth
        • 111.Small White Wave
        • 114.Small Yellow Wave
        • 116.Blomer's Rivulet
        • 117.Drab Looper
        • 118.Brown Scallop
        • 120.Argent & Sable
        • 121.Scallop Shell
        • 126.Small Waved UMber
        • 127.Fern
        • 128.Pretty Chalk Carpet
        • 132.Rivulet
        • 133.Small Rivulet
        • 134.Barred Rivulet
        • 137.Grass Rivulet
        • 141.Double-striped Pug
        • 142.The V-Pug
        • 143.Sloe Pug
        • 144.Green Pug
        • 145.Bilberry Pug
        • 146.Haworth's Pug
        • 148.Maple Pug
        • 149.Cloaked Pug
        • 150.Toadflax Pug
        • 151.Foxglove Pug
        • 154.Marsh Pug
        • 156.Brindled Pug
        • 157.Oak-tree Pug
        • 158.Juniper Pug
        • 159.Cypress Pug
        • 160. White-spotted Pug
        • 162.Dwarf Pug
        • 166.Plain Pug
        • 171.Ochreous Pug
        • 172.Thyme Pug
        • 173.Lime-speck Pug
        • 174.Pinion-spotted Pug
        • 176.Freyer's Pug
        • 177.Satyr Pug
        • 179.Wormwood Pug
        • 181.Valerian Pug
        • 183.Common Pug
        • 184.Mottled Pug
        • 186.Yarrow Pug
        • 187.Tawny Speckled Pug
        • 188.Bordered Pug
        • 189.Shaded Pug
        • 190.Grey Pug
        • 192.Treble-bar
        • 193.Lesser Treble-bar
        • 194.Purple Treble-bar
        • 198.Seraphim
        • 199.Small Seraphim
        • 200.Yellow-barred Brindle
        • 201.Barred Tooth-stripe
        • 202.Early Tooth-striped
      • Archiearinae >
        • 203.Orange Underwing
        • 204.Light Orange Underwing
      • Ennominae >
        • 205.Magpie
        • 206.Clouded Magpie
        • 207.Clouded Border
        • 208.Scorched Carpet
        • 210.Dorset Cream Wave
        • 211.Peacock Moth
        • 212.Sharp-angled Paecock
        • 214.Tawny-barred Angle
        • 217.Rannoch Looper
        • 218.Latticed Heath
        • 219.Tamerisk Peacock
        • 220.Frosted Yellow
        • 221.Little Thorn
        • 222.Brown Silver-line
        • 223.Barred Umber
        • 224.Scorched Wing
        • 225.Horse Chestnut
        • 226.Brimstone Moth
        • 229.Speckled Yellow
        • 230.Orange Moth
        • 231.Lilac Beauty
        • 233.August Thorn
        • 234.Canary-shouldered Thorn
        • 235.Dusky Thorn
        • 236.September Thorn
        • 237.Early Thorn
        • 238.Lunar Thorn
        • 239.Purple Thorn
        • 240.Scalloped Hazel
        • 241.Scalloped Oak
        • 243.Swallow-tailed Moth
        • 244.Feathered Thorn
        • 245.March Moth
        • 246.Small Brindled Beauty
        • 247.Pale Brindled Beauty
        • 248.Brindled Beauty
      • Ennominae Cont:- >
        • 251.Oak Beauty
        • 252.Peppered Moth
        • 253.Spring Usher
        • 254.Scarce Umber
        • 255.Dotted Border
        • 256.Mottled Umber
        • 257.Waved Umber
        • 258.Willow Beauty
        • 260.Feathered Beauty
        • 262.Bordered Grey
        • 264.Satin Beauty
        • 265.Mottled Beauty
        • 267.Great Oak Beauty
        • 268.Pale Oak Beauty
        • 270.The Engrailed
        • 272.Square Spot
        • 273.Brindled White-spot
        • 274.Grey Birch
        • 275.Common Heath
        • 276.Bordered White
        • 277.Common White Wave
        • 278.Common Wave
        • 279.White-pinion Spotted
        • 280.Clouded Silver
        • 282.Early Moth
        • 283.Light Emerald
        • 284.Barred Red
        • 2841.Banded Pine Carpet
        • 287.Annulet
        • 288.Brussels Lace
        • 291.Black-veined Moth
        • 293.Straw Belle
        • 294.Yellow Belle
        • 295.Grass Wave
      • Geometrinae >
        • 297.Grass Emerald
        • 298.Jersey Emerald
        • 299.Large Emerald
        • 300.Blotched Emerald
        • 301.Essex Emerald
        • 302.Small Emerald
        • 304.Sussex Emerald
        • 305.Common Emerald
        • 3075.Herb Emerald
    • 71.NOTODONTIDAE >
      • Thaumetopoeinae >
        • 002.Pine Processionary
      • Cerurinae >
        • 003.Puss Moth
        • 005.Sallow Kitten
      • Dicranurinae >
        • 008.Tawny Prominent
        • 009.Lobster Moth
      • Notodontinae >
        • 010.Marbled Brown
        • 011.Lunar Marbled Brown
        • 012.Iron Prominent
        • 013.Pebble Prominent
        • 015.Three-humped Prominent
        • 016.Great Prominent
        • 017.Swallow Prominent
        • 018.Lesser Swallow Prominent
        • 020.Pale Prominent
        • 021.Coxcomb Prominent
        • 022.Maple Prominent
      • Phalerinae >
        • 025.Buff-tip
      • Pygaerinae >
        • 027.Chocolate-tip
        • 028.Small Chocolate-tip
    • 72.EREBIDAE >
      • Scoliopteryginae >
        • 001.The Herald
      • Rivulinae >
        • 002.Straw Dot
      • Hypeninae >
        • 003.The Snout
        • 004.Buttoned Snout
        • 0061. Hypena lividalis
        • 007.Beautiful Snout
      • Lymantriinae >
        • 009.White Satin Moth
        • 010.Black Arches
        • 011.Gypsy Moth
        • 012.Brown-tail
        • 013.Yellow-tail
        • 015.Pale Tussock
        • 016.Dark Tussock
        • 017.The Vapourer
      • Arctiinae >
        • 019.Buff Ermine
        • 020.White Ermine
        • 022.Muslin Moth
        • 023.Clouded Buff
        • 024.Ruby Tiger
        • 025.Wood Tiger
        • 026.Garden Tiger
        • 027.Cream-spot Tiger
        • 028.Patton's Tiger
        • 029.Scarlet Tiger
        • 030.Jersey Tiger
        • 031.The Cinnabar
        • 032.Speckled Footman
        • 033.Feathered Footman
        • 034.Crimson Speckled
        • 035.Rosy Footman
        • 036. Muslin Footman
        • 037.Round-winged Muslin
        • 038.Four-dotted Footman
        • 039.Dotted Footman
        • 041.Four-spotted Footman
        • 042.Red-necked Footman
        • 043.Buff Footman
        • 044.Dingy Footman
        • 045.Common Footman
        • 046.Scarce Footman
        • 047.Hoary Footman
        • 049.Orange Footman
        • 050.Dew Moth
        • 0501. Nine-spotted
      • Herminiinae >
        • 051.Clay Fan-foot
        • 052.Dotted Fan-foot
        • 053.The Fan-foot
        • 055.Small Fan-foot
        • 056.Common Fan-foot
        • 057.Plumed Fan-foot
        • 058.Jubilee Fan-foot
      • Toxocampinae >
        • 063.Blackneck
        • 064.Scarce Blackneck
      • Boletobiinae >
        • 066.Waved Black
        • 067.Small Purple-barred
        • 069.Beautiful Hook-tip
        • 072.Purple Marbled
        • 073.Small Marbled
        • 074.Beatiful Marbled
      • Erebinae >
        • 075.Oak Yellow Underwing
        • 076.Clifden Nonpareil
        • 078.Red Underwing
        • 079.Rosy Underwing
        • 081.Dark Crimson Underwing
        • 082.Light Crimson Underwing
        • 083.Burnet Companion
        • 084.Moth Shipton
        • 085.Alchymist
        • 086.Lunar Double-stripe
        • 087.Passenger
        • 088.Geometrician
    • 73.NOCTUIDAE >
      • Plusiinae >
        • 001.The Spectacle
        • 002.Dark Spectacle
        • 003.Ni Moth
        • 008.Golden Twin-spot
        • 012.Burnished Brass
        • 015.Silver "Y"
        • 016.Beautiful Golden Y
        • 017.Plain Golden Y
        • 022.Gold Spot
        • 023.Lempke's Gold Spot
      • Eustrotiinae >
        • 024.Marbled White Spot
        • 026.Silver Hook
        • 027.Silver Barred
      • Acontiinae >
        • 028.Pale Shoulder
        • 029.Spotted Sulphur
      • Aediinae >
        • 0301.The Druid
        • 031.Four-spotted
      • Pantheinae >
        • 032.Nut-tree Tussock
      • Dilobinae >
        • 033.Figure of Eight
      • Acronictinae >
        • 034.Scarce Merveille du jour
        • 036. Alder Moth
        • 038.Grey Dagger
        • 039.Sycamore
        • 040.The Miller
        • 041.Marsh Dagger
        • 045.Knot Grass
        • 046.Poplar Grey
        • 047.The Coronet
      • Metoponiinae >
        • 048.Small Yellow Underwing
        • 049.Goldwing
      • Culculliinae >
        • 050.Wormwood
        • 051.Scarce Wormwood
        • 052.Shark
        • 055.Star-wort
        • 057.Striped Lychnis
      • Oncocnemidinae >
        • 059.Toadflax Brocade
        • 061.The Anomalous
      • Amphipyrinae >
        • 062.Copper Underwing
        • 064.Mouse Moth
      • Psaphidinae >
        • 065.Sprawler
        • 068.Green-brindled Crescent
        • 069.Early Grey
      • Heliothinae >
        • 072.Marbled Clover
        • 073.Shoulder-striped Clover
        • 074.Bordered Straw
        • 076.Scarce Bordered Straw
      • Condicinae >
        • 078.Reddish Buff
      • Bryophilinae >
        • 082.Tree-lichen Beauty
        • 084.Marbled Beauty
      • Xyleninae >
        • 087.Small Mottled Willow
        • 088.Dark Mottled Willow
        • 091.Rosy Marbled
        • 092.Mottled Rustic
        • 093.Clancy's Rustic
        • 095.Pale Mottled Willow
        • 096.The Uncertain
        • 097.The Rustic
        • 099.Vine's Rustic
        • 100.Silky Wainscot
        • 101.Treble Lines
        • 102.Brown Rustic
        • 105.Bird's Wing
        • 107.Old Lady
        • 108.Geurnsey Underwing
        • 109.Straw Underwing
        • 113.Angle Shades
        • 114.Small Angle Shades
        • 118.Haworth's Minor
        • 120.Dusky Sallow
        • 123.Rosy Rustic
        • 124.Butterbur
        • 126.Saltern Ear
        • 128.Ear Moth agg.
        • 130.Dumeril's Rustic
        • 131.Flounced Rustic
        • 134.Large Wainscot
        • 136.Bulrush Wainscot
        • 144.Small Wainscot
        • 147.Small Dotted Buff
        • 151.Webb's Wainscot
        • 155.Clouded Brindle
        • 156.Clouded-bordered Brindle
        • 158.Rustic Shoulder-knot
        • 159.Small Clouded Brindle
        • 160.Slender Brindle
      • Xyleninae Cont:- >
        • 162.Dark Arches
        • 163.Light Arches
        • 164.Reddish Light Arches
        • 168.Double Lobed
        • 169.Common Rustic
        • 171.Rosy Minor
        • 172.Cloaked Minor
        • 173.Marbled Minor
        • 174.Tawny Marbled Minor
        • 175.Rufous Minor
        • 176.Middle-barred Minor
        • 178.Beautiful Gothic
        • 179.Orange Salllow
        • 180.Barred Sallow
        • 181.Pink-barred Sallow
        • 182.Sallow
        • 186.Beaded Chestnut
        • 187.Brown-spot Pinion
        • 189.Red-line Quaker
        • 190.Yellow-line Quaker
        • 192.Brick
        • 193.Lunar Underwing
        • 194.The Chestnut
        • 197.Dotted Chestnut
        • 198.Red-headed Chestnut
        • 200.Tawny Pinion
        • 201.Pale Pinion
        • 202.Grey Shoulder-knot
        • 206.Blair's Shoulder-knot
        • 209.Red Sword-grass
        • 210.Satellite
        • 215.Lesser-spotted Pinion
        • 216.The Dun-bar
        • 217.Lunar-spotted Pinion
        • 219.Centre-barred Sallow
        • 220.Minor Shoulder-knot
        • 221.Suspected
        • 223.Oak Rustic
        • 224.Merveille du Jour
        • 225.Brindled Green
        • 229.Flame Brocade
        • 230.Feathered Brindle
        • 231.Deep-brown Dart
        • 233.Black Rustic
        • 235.Feathered Ranunculus
        • 237.Large Ranunculus
        • 238.Dark Brocade
        • 240.Beautiful Arches
      • Hadeninae >
        • 241.Pine Beauty
        • 242.Clouded Drab
        • 244.Common Quaker
        • 245.Small Quaker
        • 246.Lead-coloured Drab
        • 247.Powdered Quaker
        • 249.Hebrew Character
        • 250.Twin-spotted Quaker
        • 251.Silver Cloud
        • 252.Hedge Rustic
        • 253.Feathered Gothic
        • 254.Antler Moth
        • 255.The Nutmeg
        • 257.Beautiful Yellow Underwing
        • 259.Pale Shining Brown
        • 260.Silvery Arches
        • 261.Grey Arches
        • 263.Light Brocade
        • 264.Pale-shouldered Brocade
        • 265.Beautiful Brocade
        • 266.Dog's Tooth
        • 267.Bright-line Brown-eye
        • 270.Dot Moth
        • 271.Broom Moth
        • 273.Shears
        • 274.Cabbage Moth
        • 277.Bordered Gothic
        • 279.Broad-barred White
        • 280.Small ranunculus
        • 281.The Lychnis
        • 282.Varied Coronet
        • 283.Marbled Coronet
        • 284.White-spot
        • 290.Brown-line Bright-eye
        • 291.Common Wainscot
        • 292.Mathew's Wainscot
        • 293.Smoky Wainscot
        • 294.Southern Wainscot
        • 295.Delicate
        • 297.White-point
        • 298.The Clay
        • 300.L-album Wainscot
        • 301.Shoulder-striped Wainsco
        • 303.Devonshire Wainscot
      • Noctuinae >
        • 314.Garden Dart
        • 316.Light Feathered Rustic
        • 317.Heart & Dart
        • 319.Turnip Moth
        • 320.Heart & Club
        • 322.Archer's Dart
        • 324.Crescent Dart
        • 325.Shuttle-shaped Dart
        • 327.Dark Sword-grass
        • 328.The Flame
        • 329.Flame Shoulder
        • 330.Radford's Flame Shoulder
        • 334.Small Square-spot
        • 336.Red Chestnut
        • 338.True Lover's Knot
        • 342.Large Yellow Underwing
        • 343.Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing
        • 344.Lunar Yellow Underwing
        • 345.Lesser Yellow Underwing
        • 348.Lesser Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing
        • 350.Great Brocade
        • 352.Green Arches
        • 355.Neglected Rustic
        • 357.Square-spot Rustic
        • 358.Six-striped Rustic
        • 359.Setaceous Hebrew Character
        • 361.Double Square-spot
        • 365.Autumnal Rustic
        • 368.The Gothic
    • 74.NOLIDAE >
      • Nolidae >
        • 002.Kent Black Arches
        • 003.Short-cloaked Moth
        • 004.Least Black Arches
      • Chloephorinae >
        • 007.Scarce Silver-lines
        • 008.Green Silver-lines
        • 009.Oak Nycteoline
        • 011.Cream-bordered Green Pea
        • 012.Egyptian Bollworm
      • APPENDIX B >
        • GEOMETRIDAE >
          • Sterrhinae >
            • B58.Middle Lace Border
        • NOCTUIDAE >
          • Noctuinae >
            • B104.Gregson's Dart
  • Lepi-Plants
    • A >
      • Aceraceae-The Maple Family
      • Adoxaceae- Viburnum Family
      • Alliaceae-Allium Family
      • Amaranthaceae-Amaranth Family
      • Apiaceae/Umbelliferae-Umbellifers Family
      • Apocynaceae-Dogbane Family
      • Aquifoliaceae -Holly Family
      • Araceae - Arum Family
      • Araliaceae -Ivy Family
      • Arecaceae/Palmae- Palm Family
      • Asparagaceae-Moncots Family
      • Asteraceae/Compositae -Daisy Family
    • B >
      • Balsaminaceae-Balsam Family
      • Berberidaceae-Barberry Family
      • Betulaceae-Birch Family
      • Boraginaceae -Borage Family
      • Brassicaceae/Cruciferae-Cabbage Family
      • Buxaceae -Box Family
    • C >
      • Campanulaceae-Bellflower Family
      • Cannabidaceae -Hemp/Hop Family
      • Capparidaceae-Capers Family
      • Caprifoliaceae-Honeysuckle Family
      • Caryophyllaceae-Pink Family
      • Casuarinaceae-She-Oak Family
      • Celastraceae -Bittersweet Family
      • Chenopodiaceae : Goosefoot Family
      • Cistaceae-Rock-rose Family
      • Cleomaceae - Spider Flower Family
      • Convolvulaceae-Bindweed Family
      • Cornaceae-Dogwood Family
      • Crassulaceae -Orpine Family
      • Cucurbitaceae-Melon Family
      • Cupressaceae -Cypress Family
      • Cyperaceae-Sedge Family
    • D >
      • Dipsacaceae-Teasel Family
      • Dryopteridaceae-Wood Fern Family
    • E >
      • Ebenacaceae -Persimmon Family
      • Elaeagnaceae-Oleaster Family
      • Ericaceae-Heather Family
      • Escalloniaceae -Escallonia Family
      • Euphorbiaceae -Spurge Family
    • F >
      • Fabaceae/Leguminosae-Pea/Bean Family
      • Fagaceae-Oak-Chestnut Family
    • G >
      • Gentianaceae-Gentian Family
      • Geraniaceae -Geranium Family
      • Grossulariaceae-Currant Family
    • H >
      • Haloragidaceae - Hydrocharitaceae - Water Plants
      • Hamamelidaceae - Witch-Hazel Family
      • Hippocastanaceae-Horse Chestnut Family
      • Hydrangeaceae-Hydranga Family
      • Hypericaceae-Didcot Family
    • I >
      • Iridaceae-Iris Family
    • J >
      • Juglandaceae : Walnut Family
      • Juncaceae-Reed Family
    • L >
      • Lamiaceae/Labiatae-Mint Family
      • Lauraceae -Laurel Family
      • Lemnaceae - Duckweed Family
      • Lilaceae-Lily Family
      • Linaceae-Flax Family
      • Lythraceae-Loosestrife Family
    • M >
      • Magnoliaceae - Magnolia Family
      • Malvaceae-Mallow Family
      • Misc.Plant Families
      • Moss & Fungus Family
      • Moraceae-Fig Family
      • Myricaceae/Myrtaceae : Wax-myrtle/Myrtle Family
    • N >
      • Nartheciaceae - Asphodel Family
    • O >
      • Oleaceae - Olive Family
      • Onagraceae-Evening Primrose Family
      • Orobanchaceae-Broomrape Family
      • Oxalidaceae-Wood Sorrel Family
    • P >
      • Papaveraceae-Poppy Family
      • Pedaliaceae-Sesame Family
      • Pinaceae -Pine Family
      • Pistaciaceae-Cashew Family
      • Plantanaceae-Plane Tree Family
      • Plantaginaceae-Plantain Family
      • Plumbaginaceae-Plumbago Family
      • Poaceae/Gramineae -True Grass Family
      • Polygalaceae-Milkwort Family
      • Polygonaceae-Docks,Sorrel Family
      • Polypodiaceae/Pteridaceae : Fern Family
      • Primulaceae-Primrose Family
    • R >
      • Ranunculaceae-Buttercup Family
      • Resedaceae-Mignonette Family
      • Rhamnaceae-Buckthorn Family
      • Rosaceae-Rose Family
      • Rubiaceae-Bedstraw Family
      • Rutaceae-Citrus Family
    • S >
      • Salicaceae-Willow Family
      • Saxifragaceae-Saxifrage Family
      • Scrophulariaceae-Figwort Family
      • Smilacaceae-Greenbrier Family
      • Solanaceae-Nightshade Family
    • T >
      • Tamaricaceae-Tamarind Family
      • Taxaceae-Yew Family
      • Theaceae-Tea/Camellia Family
      • Tiliaceae-Lime Family
      • Tropaeolaceae-Nasturtium Family
      • Typhaceae - Reedmace Family
    • U >
      • Ulmaceae-Elm Family
      • Urticaceae-Nettle Family
    • V >
      • Valerianaceae-Valerian Family
      • Violaceae-Violet Family
      • Viscaceae-Mistletoe Family
      • Vitaceae-Grapevine Family >
        • Untitled
  • Contact
58.013 : 1546 : 7204
Pieridae : Coliadinae

Brimstone

GONEPTERYX rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758)

Subspecies
G.r.gravesi Huggins, 1956 - Ireland
Picture

Life Cycle Guide

Picture
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Description
Alternative Name: Common Brimstone
Wingspan: 60-74mm
Worldwide Distribution: N.W Africa : Europe : Turkey to W.Siberia : Kyrgyiztan : Mongolia.
UK Distribution: One of our most successful butterflies, which is widespread over Southern and Western England reaching as far north as Lincolnshire,Yorkshire,Cheshire & Lancashire into the Welsh borders.
In Ireland it is fairly widespread but tends to be a local to the larval food plant.

UK Conservation Status -
  • Least Concern - Red List
European Conservation Status -
  • Least Concern
Original Species Name -
  • Papilio rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758)
Type Species - Gonepteryx
  • Papilio rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758)
Type Locality -
  • Sweden
Altitude: Sea Level-2500m
Flight Period: Overwintering adults appear as early as February and March flying through to June and July.The next generation of adults appear late July and August. These adults will overwinter to complete the yearly cycle.Univoltine-One brood per year.
Habitat: Both Brimstone adults can be found in woodland,often where its larval food plant is growing close to streams and ditches.
As a wide ranging butterfly than can also be seen flying along roadside verges in early spring searching out a mate or imbibing on the Dandelions,Violets & Lesser Celandine.(See photo 2 L-R)

Ovum: The female deposits ovum on the sunny side of the larval food plant on unfurling leaves making them easy to find, albeit that plants like Alder Buckthorn tend to grow sparsley in some areas . They ova hatch in 1-2 weeks.
Larva: End May-End July.Larva first stage instars feed on Alder Buckthorn leaves by making holes in the individual leaves(see below).Following instars tend to consume the leaf from the apex of the leaf toward the leaf axis.The larva eventually leave the Larval Food Plant to pupate in the lower levels of vegetation. The larvae are green with a prominent white central line.The larvae are predated quite heavily by birds & wasps.
Pupa: Pupation usually occurs away from the larval food plant and hatches in about 2 weeks
Overwinters as: Adult
Observations: One of our much loved early sighted butterflies that signifies the worst of winter is behind us, the weather is warming up, and a full season of butterflies awaits us all. 
The name "Butter coloured fly" may have originated from the beautiful yellow colour of the male Brimstone although the female is creamy white in colour.
The veins on the butterflies wings and the general shape appear like that of a leaf and possibly gives them camouflage during the winter months when they hibernate under Bramble leaves,evergreen shrubs,Holly and Ivy.
Prior to hibernating they can be seen in late summer feeding avidly on Vetches,Scabious,Knapweeds and Marjoram in order to build their fat reserves for the long winter months ahead.
The Brimstone is our longest living butterfly lasting eleven months of the year and appearing in every month of the year.
Subspecies
G.r.rhamni Linnaeus, 1758 British Isles,but excluding Ireland - Nominate Subspecies
Brimstone - ♀ - Gonepteryx rhamni - (Linnaeus, 1758) - Stockbridge Down - 31 July 2015
Brimstone - Gonepteryx rhamni - (Linnaeus, 1758) - on Lesser Calandine - Ranunculus ficaria - Odiham Common - SU749522 - 7 April 2011
Brimstone - ♂- Gonepteryx rhamni - (Linnaeus, 1758) - on Betony - Stachys officinalis - Pamber Forest - SU618606 - 24 July 2010
Brimstone - ♀ - Gonepteryx rhamni - (Linnaeus, 1758) - Stockbridge Down - 31 July 2015
Brimstone - ♀ - Gonepteryx rhamni - (Linnaeus, 1758) - Botany Bay - SU983339 - 28 May 2006
Brimstone - ♂- Gonepteryx rhamni - (Linnaeus, 1758) - Old Winchester Hill - SU645212 - 28 August 2007
Brimstone - ♀ - Gonepteryx rhamni - (Linnaeus, 1758) - Ovapositing female and St Marks Fly - Pamber Forest - SU618606 - 25 April 2011
Brimstone courtship rejection - Pamber Forest - SU618606 - 27 May 2012
Larva
As can be seen in photo 1 below the larva first stage instars feed on Alder Buckthorn leaves by making holes in the individual leaves.
Following instars tend to consume the leaf from the apex of the leaf toward the leaf axis.
The larva eventually leave the Larval Food Plant to pupate in the lower levels of vegetation. 
1546 Brimstone GONEPTERYX rhamni Linnaeus, 1758 Larva - Fleet - SU799533 - 28 May 2008
1546 Brimstone GONEPTERYX rhamni Linnaeus, 1758 Larva Final instar- Fleet - SU799533 - 28 May 2008
1546 Brimstone GONEPTERYX rhamni Linnaeus, 1758 Larva on Alder Buckthorn- Fleet - SU799533 - 8 June 2008
 
Larval Food Plants Worldwide
Brimstone larvae feed on plant families described below plant photos.
Note - Plants hyperlinked in red below take the visitor to the relevant plant page on"Plants for a Future" website where further information like photos,physical characteristics,habitats,edible uses,medicinal uses,cultivation,propagation,range,height etc. are clearly listed.
  • Plant Families - in bold red below takes the visitor to the relevant "Lepi-plants" page where other butterflies & moths using the plants below are listed.
  • Ericaceae - Heather Family
    • Vaccinium oxycoccos - Small Cranberry - Wild Cranberry
  • Rhamnaceae - The Buckthorn Family
    • Rhamnus alaternus - Italian Buckthorn
    • Rhamnus alpina - Alpine Buckthorn
    • Rhamnus cathartica - Common Buckthorn
    • Rhamnus davurica - Dahurian Buckthorn
    • Rhamnus frangula - Alder Buckthorn
    • Rhamnus lycioides - Black Hawthorn - European Buckthorn
    • Rhamnus ussuriensis - No Common Name
    • Rhamnus virgatus - Indian Cascara
Picture
Rhamnus frangula - Alder Buckthorn
Taxonomy
Kingdom:
Subkingdom:
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Subphylum
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Type Species - GONEPTERYX:


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Subspecies:
Animalia
Eumetozoa
Arthropoda
Hexapoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Papilionoidea 

Pieridae
Coliadinae
Gonepterygini
GONEPTERYX Leach, [1815]
Gonepteryx rhamni (
Linnaeus, 1758)

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Papilio rhamni (Linnaeus 1758)
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PAPILIO rhamni (Linnaeus 1758)
= Papilio ecclipsis Linnaeus, 1763
= Gonepteryx rhamni gilgitica Tytler, 1926
= Gonepteryx rhamni miljanowskii Nekrutenko, 1966
= Gonepteryx rhamni tianshanica Nekrutenko, 1970
= Gonepteryx rhamni matsakii Kattulas & Koutsaftikis, 1978

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Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1 : Title page : p.470 n.73
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Sweden
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G.r. decora Oberthür, 1909
G.r. fervida Fritsch, 1911
G.r. flavescens Lempke, 1936
G.r. hoefnageli Bryk, 1922
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G.r.rhamni-Britain,not Ireland - Nominate subspecies
G.r.gravesi Huggins, 1956 - Ireland
G.r.carnipennis Butler
G.r.concolor Mell
G.r.kurdistana of Freina, 1989
G.r.meridionalis Röber, 1907-North Africa and Armenia .
G.r.miljanowskii Nekrutenko, 1966-Caucasus
G.r.nana Wnukowsky, 1935-South of Siberia and Altai .
G.r.tianschanica Nekrutenko, 1970.
G.r.transient Verity, 1913-Southern Europe and Western Siberia .
© Colin Baker 2013